Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Polyester thiab Nylon?

Polyester (polyethylene terephthalate) thiab nylon (polyamide) yog ob qho khoom siv hluavtaws loj uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam textile niaj hnub. Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si cov ntaub ntawv poob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov hluavtaws fibers, lawv pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv tshuaj, lub cev, thiab daim ntawv thov.

Polyester ntaub Nylon ntaub

Chemical Structure thiab Production History

Lub npe tshuaj ntawm polyester yog polyethylene terephthalate (PET), uas yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polycondensation ntawm cov organic dibasic acids thiab diols. Cov khoom no tau tsim los ntawm British chemists hauv xyoo 1941 thiab ua tiav kev tsim khoom hauv xyoo 1953. Qhov sib txawv, nylon (polyamide) muaj keeb kwm ntev dua. Nws yog lub ntiaj teb thawj cov hluavtaws fiber ntau, tsim los ntawm DuPont hauv Tebchaws Meskas hauv xyoo 1935 thiab ua lag luam nyob rau xyoo 1938. Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm nylon muaj cov yam ntxwv amide bonds (-CONH-), thiab nws tau faib ua hom xws li nylon 6 thiab nylon 66 raws li cov pa roj carbon monomer.

Kev sib piv ntawm lub cev muaj zog

1. Mechanical Properties

Nylon yog thawj zaug hauv kev hnav tsis kam ntawm tag nrho cov textile fibers, ua 10 npaug ntau dua hnav-tiv taus dua paj rwb thiab 20 npaug ntau dua li ntaub plaub. Txawm hais tias polyester tus hnav tsis kam yog qis dua rau nylon, nws tshaj li cov fibers ntuj feem ntau. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm elasticity, nylon's elongation ntawm tawg yog li ntawm 25% mus rau 60%, ho siab tshaj polyester's 15% mus rau 30%, ua nylon ntau haum rau cov khaub ncaws uas xav tau siab elasticity.

2. Cov khoom cua sov

Polyester muaj qhov melting point ntawm 255-265℃thiab iav hloov kub ntawm li 70 degree, nrog rau kev pom zoo ironing kub hauv qab 140 degree. Nylon muaj qhov qis melting point thiab tsis zoo thermal stability; Lub sijhawm ntev raug rau qhov kub siab tshaj 150℃tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis zog.

3. Moisture Absorption thiab kev nplij siab

Nylon tus nqi dej rov qab yog 4% -4.5%, me ntsis siab dua polyester's 0.4% -0.5%, tab sis ob qho tib si tseem suav tias yog qis - noo- nqus fibers. Vim nws yuav luag tsis yog-absorbent xwm, polyester nyiam tsim hluav taws xob zoo li qub, ua rau tsis zoo rau kev hnav.

Kev txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem thiab kev siv tswv yim

1. Advanced Burn Test

Ntxiv nrog rau kev soj ntsuam cov xim ntawm cov pa luam yeeb thiab cov khoom seem, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv rau kev sib txawv:

- Polyester hlawv thaum melting, emitting cov pa luam yeeb dub nrog cov nplaim daj thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw.

- Nylon melts thiab drips noticeably thaum hlawv, nrog ib tug xiav nplaim taws thiab ib tug celery -zoo li tsw qab tom qab tua.

- Cov residue tom qab hlawv: Polyester tawm cov tawv tawv dub, thaum nylon ua lub teeb xim av pob tshab hlaws.

2. Cov cheeb tsam thov

Hom kev siv ntawm polyester:

- Cov Khaub Ncaws: Cov tsho ua lag luam (kwv yees li 65%), cov hnab looj tes, UV-cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv (feem ntau kho nrog tiv thaiv- UV txheej).

- Tsev textiles: Wrinkle-cov ntaub pua tsev tiv taus, kab hlau rhuav (vim zoo zoo khaws cia).

- Muaj kev siv: log tsheb, conveyor siv substrates.

Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm nylon:

- Sportswear: Yoga ris (tshaj li 80% kev lag luam sib koom), swimwear, nce hlua.

- Cov khoom ntim: Cov ntaub ntawv saum npoo rau lub thawv rau khaub ncaws, thauj khoom -cov khoom ntawm lub hnab ev ntawv.

- Kev lag luam: Automotive airbags, nuv ntses nets, parachutes.